Fundamentals of LNG

• LNG terminal and vessel - main types
• Vessel design - Moss Rosenberg, Membrane, Steamships
• Storage design and Gas detections systems
• The science of LNG -.as an energy and power source
• The IMO involvement
• Advantages of LNG as an energy source
• Co2 and Emission Control Technology [E.C.T]
• Carbon Capture and Storage and LNF designs for the future. Are we there yet?
• Boil Off Gas characteristics and dual fuel options
• Diesel, Electric and LNG powered vessel systems on the market
• LNG Technical comparisons and containment systems
• Regasification terminal locations, Land based, Regas vessels
• Treatment of LNG and methods
• Specific Characteristics of LNG
• LNG - What is it and why do we want more of it?

Applicable Safety Codes and Charterer’s Requirements

• International Gas Code vessel descriptions »» LNG Tank Type »» LNG Vessel types
• International Safety Management, ISM Code and the basic requirements and training
• Safety Management Systems [SMS] in the LNG Field
• Vessel and On board LNG procedures and training
• S.P - International Ship and Port Security Codes and Regional security issues
• Tanker Management Self-Assessment
• What is the TMA, who is it for?
• TMA Overview of elements and stages
• How the TMSA is used
• The SIRE inspection system. What is it and why have it for LNG?

• What are the stages?
• Why do we have them?
• What do they achieve?
• Regasification terminal locations -- Land based Regas vessels System
• Overview: typical schemes and operating principles
• LNG Transfer system design and parameters Contributors to Boil off Gas

Preparation of Cargo Cycle – LNG Terminal Compatibility Studies

• Roles and responsibility of terminal in LNG cargo transfer
• Terminal loading and discharging
• Ship-to-Shore operations interfaces
• Compatibility forms
• LNG Cargo Transfer checklists and forms required
• LNG Cargo Transfer equipment required
• LNG Cargo hazards, safety and risks that exist
• LNG Cargo controls:
  • Roles of Fibre Optics in LNG Transfer and operations
  • LNG Cargo training required for personnel (LNG Preparations forms)

• Ship to Ship to shore Transfer systems - Naval Architecture [ship systems] and the Terminal interface
• Ship to Platform Transfer systems - Naval Architecture [ship systems] and the Terminal interface
• Ship to Ship Transfer Systems - Naval Architecture [ship systems] and the vessel interface
• Ship connected transfer systems and tandem configurations for ship to ship
• System Uptime considerations of effective operations
• Meteocean conditions, prediction tools and weather monitoring
• Arrival preparations and checklists
  • LNG Loading Arms Abilities – Technology, vendors and designs
  • Sensor Technologies and Latest Cryogenic Hose designs, testing and type 8 inch and 6 Inch
  • Dynamic Positioning what is it and why do we have it DP 1. DP 2 And DP 2
  • Manoeuvring with and without tug assistance or DP
  • Jetty Approaches – Finger or Face Terminal Design Interface
• LNG Pre-loading procedures alongside
• Ramp up, loading and ramp down, actions and precautions
  • LNG Ramp up, increasing loading rate
  • Tank loading procedures
  • Ramp down and the topping off tanks process
  • Return ad Vapour pressure control
• LNG Post loading operations
  • Commencement of gas burning and line disconnection
• Checklists and Pre-arrival preparations, terminal requirements and ship line cool down
• Discharging and ramp down, heel options
  • Overview of standard discharge operations
  • Ramp down for heel distribution option
• Discharging operations

Safety and Risk Management

• Recent industry incidents highlighted- LNG Spill and Discharges worldwide.
• What have we learnt?
• Human Error and factors in the LNG industry
• Latent Engineering Design Failures in the LNG industry
• LNG - OEM faults
• Common causes of these incidents

Alarm Settings ESD Actions

• ESD 1 systems and what is it
• ESD 2 what are the differing systems
• Required crew training and preparations
• Hazards and Risks moving forward »» Geographical hazards »» Crew factor

Water Curtain Operations and Tests Theory and Potential Damages

• Ship and shore requirements
• Preparing for the future incidents
• Contingency planning
• Salvage of an LNG vessel
• Considerations for cargo recovery
• Environmental impact
• Technical equipment development
• Risk profiling of your operations
• What response is required?
• Safety Management Systems and Options

SIMPOS – Simultaneous Operations (LNG Transfers and Operations)

• Considerations when performing SIMPOS
• HAZARD and Risk when performing LNG SIMOPS
• Day and Night operations
• Ship to Ship operations
• 24 Hr LNG operations
• Where do SIMPOS operations occur?
• Why are SIMPOS performed?

• System setup parameters
• Sampling and Certification Custody
• Transfer Guidelines of Terminals Ship and surveyor roles
• Certificate of Loading
• Types of Custody Transfer Measurement
  • Systems and Equipment
  • Inerting
  • Aerating
  • Drying and Cool down
  • Liquid form measurement
  • Volumetric measurement
  • Temperature measurement
  • Custody Transfer Measurement system (CTMs) testing and checks
• LNG Quality Control Mechanisms and the Custody Transfer Procedure
• Flow metering Technology utilised
  • Flow measurement and custody transfer flow metering, types.
  • Coriolis Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
  • Thermal Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
  • Differential Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
  • Ultrasonic Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
  • Vortex Flow mechanisms, design, metering and performance
  • Applications of flow meters, calibration, calculations, transfer principles
  • Safety